Alpine Linux 部署 SmokePing 网络监控
本文介绍如何在 Alpine Linux 系统上部署 SmokePing 网络延迟监控工具，使用 Caddy 作为 Web 服务器，FCGIWrap 处理 CGI 脚本。
系统要求
- Alpine Linux 3.18+
- 2GB+ RAM（推荐 4GB+）
- 20GB+ 磁盘空间
- 网络连接正常
安装步骤
1. 安装必要软件包
# 更新软件包索引
apk update
# 安装 SmokePing 及相关组件
apk add fcgiwrap fcgiwrap-openrc caddy smokeping smokeping-openrc
# 创建 fcgiwrap 服务用户
useradd -r fcgiwrap-openrc
2. 创建数据目录
# 创建 SmokePing 数据目录
mkdir -p /var/lib/smokeping/Ping
mkdir -p /var/lib/smokeping/DNS
# 设置权限
chown smokeping:smokeping /var/lib/smokeping/Ping
chown smokeping:smokeping /var/lib/smokeping/DNS
chmod 777 /var/lib/smokeping/images/Ping
chmod 777 /var/lib/smokeping/images/DNS
3. 配置 Caddy Web 服务器
创建 Caddy 配置文件 /etc/caddy/Caddyfile：
{
log {
output file /var/log/caddy/access.log {
roll_size 100MB # 单个日志文件最大 100MB
roll_keep 10 # 保留最近 10 个日志文件
roll_keep_for 720h # 保留 30 天（720 小时）
}
format console # 易读的格式，也可改用 json 格式（format json）
}
}
http://192.168.1.100 {
# 处理静态资源
handle /js/* {
root * /usr/share/webapps/smokeping/
file_server
}
handle /css/* {
root * /usr/share/webapps/smokeping/
file_server
}
handle /imgcache/* {
root * /usr/share/webapps/smokeping/
file_server
}
handle_path /images/* {
root * /var/lib/smokeping/images
file_server browse
}
# 处理 CGI 请求
handle {
root * /usr/share/webapps/smokeping/
reverse_proxy unix//run/fcgiwrap/fcgiwrap.sock {
transport fastcgi {
env SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/share/webapps/smokeping/smokeping.cgi
split ""
}
}
}
}
4. 配置 SmokePing
创建配置文件 /etc/smokeping/config：
*** General ***
owner = Demo User
contact = admin@example.com
mailhost = mail.example.com
sendmail = /usr/sbin/sendmail
# NOTE: do not put the Image Cache below cgi-bin
# since all files under cgi-bin will be executed ... this is not
# good for images.
imgcache = /var/lib/smokeping/images
imgurl = /images
datadir = /var/lib/smokeping
piddir = /run/smokeping
cgiurl = http://192.168.1.100/smokeping.cgi
smokemail = /etc/smokeping/smokemail
tmail = /etc/smokeping/tmail
# specify this to get syslog logging
syslogfacility = local0
# each probe is now run in its own process
# disable this to revert to the old behaviour
# concurrentprobes = no
5. 配置告警规则
*** Alerts ***
to = admin@example.com
from = smokeping@example.com
# 定义各种告警规则
+hostdown
type = loss
# in percent
pattern ==0%,==0%,==0%, ==U
comment = 对端无响应
+bigloss
type = loss
# in percent
pattern ==0%,==0%,==0%,==0%,>20%,>20%,>20%
comment = 连续3次采样-丢包率超过20%
+lossdetect
type = loss
# in percent
pattern ==0%,==0%,==0%,==0%,>0%,>0%,>0%
comment = 连续3次采样-存在丢包
+someloss
type = loss
# in percent
pattern >0%,*12*,>0%,*12*,>0%
comment = 间断性丢包
+rttdetect
type = rtt
# in milli seconds
pattern <100,<100,<100,<100,<100,<150,>150,>150,>150
comment = 连续3次采样延迟增大-超过150ms
6. 配置数据库设置
*** Database ***
step = 300
pings = 20
# consfn mrhb steps total
AVERAGE 0.5 1 28800
AVERAGE 0.5 12 9600
MIN 0.5 12 9600
MAX 0.5 12 9600
AVERAGE 0.5 144 2400
MAX 0.5 144 2400
MIN 0.5 144 2400
7. 配置显示模板
*** Presentation ***
template = /etc/smokeping/basepage.html
htmltitle = yes
graphborders = no
# If enabled, treat all filter menu queries as literal strings instead of regex
literalsearch = no
+ charts
menu = Charts
title = The most interesting destinations
++ stddev
sorter = StdDev(entries=>4)
title = Top Standard Deviation
menu = Std Deviation
format = Standard Deviation %f
++ max
sorter = Max(entries=>5)
title = Top Max Roundtrip Time
menu = by Max
format = Max Roundtrip Time %f seconds
++ loss
sorter = Loss(entries=>5)
title = Top Packet Loss
menu = Loss
format = Packets Lost %f
++ median
sorter = Median(entries=>5)
title = Top Median Roundtrip Time
menu = by Median
format = Median RTT %f seconds
8. 配置探针
*** Probes ***
+ FPing
binary = /usr/sbin/fping
+ DNS
binary = /usr/bin/dig
lookup = g.cn
pings = 5
step = 180
9. 配置主从模式（可选）
*** Slaves ***
secrets=/etc/smokeping/smokeping_secrets
+boomer
display_name=boomer
color=0000ff
+slave2
display_name=another
color=00ff00
10. 配置监控目标
*** Targets ***
alerts = someloss
probe = FPing
menu = Top
title = Network Latency Grapher
remark = Welcome to the SmokePing website of <b>Example Company</b>. \
Here you will learn all about the latency of our network.
+ Ping
menu = Ping
title = 10.0.0.14 Pings
alerts = hostdown,bigloss,lossdetect,someloss,rttdetect
++ server1
menu = 192.168.1.50
host = 192.168.1.50
++ server2
menu = 192.168.1.51
host = 192.168.1.51
+ DNS
menu = DNS
probe = DNS
alerts = hostdown,bigloss,lossdetect,someloss,rttdetect
++ dns-server
menu = 192.168.1.200
host = 192.168.1.200
启动服务
1. 启动并启用服务
# 启动 Caddy 服务
rc-service caddy start
rc-service caddy add
# 启动 SmokePing 服务
rc-service smokeping start
rc-service smokeping add
# 启动 fcgiwrap 服务
rc-service fcgiwrap start
rc-service fcgiwrap add
2. 检查服务状态
# 检查 Caddy 状态
rc-service caddy status
# 检查 SmokePing 状态
rc-service smokeping status
# 检查 fcgiwrap 状态
rc-service fcgiwrap status
验证部署
访问 http://192.168.1.100/smokeping.cgi 验证 SmokePing 是否正常工作。